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Fresh'n'tasty bread at Rehovot's authentic Brand New Berad house. Come in today for a degustation or a cup of coffee

Sunday, September 30, 2007

Sukkot 2007 to be a Jews-to-Christianity Conversion War, Rehovot's Rabbi Simcha Hacohen Kook Says

"Israeli rabbinic authorities have abruptly called on Jews to shun a major Christian tourism event, baffling and upsetting evangelical groups that traditionally have been big supporters of the Jewish state.

More than 6,000 Christians from over 90 nations are expected to arrive in Jerusalem this week to take part in the 28th annual Christian celebration of the weeklong Jewish holiday of Sukkot, or Feast of Tabernacles, according to the event’s organizers, the International Christian Embassy Jerusalem.

According to the Old Testament Book of Zechariah, all nations will make pilgrimages to Jerusalem in the messianic era to celebrate Sukkot. Christians have interpreted this to mean that Sukkot is a holiday where Jews welcome non-Jews to join them in celebration in Jerusalem.

Thousands of Christians take part in the celebration annually, as do Israeli lawmakers, government representatives and ordinary Israelis.

But last week the chief rabbinate urged Jews to stay away from the event, saying some of the groups want to convert them to Christianity. Israel has laws against missionary work, and for many here, proselytizing is dangerously close to the forced conversions European Jews endured for centuries.

“According to information that has reached the chief rabbinate, there are participants in this conference who convert Jews to Christianity and perform missionary activity throughout the year,” Rabbi Simcha Hacohen Kook, the chief rabbi of Rehovot, who took part in committee discussions of the matter, said on Sunday. “This is against the law, so the chief rabbinate is calling upon Jews not to take part in the conference.”

The group’s organizers said they were upset by the rabbis’ call.

“It is disappointing to learn that some rabbinic authorities are trying to discourage the Jewish public from participating in this traditional march,” said the Rev. Malcolm Hedding, the group’s executive director.

“The ICEJ has never conducted any missionary programs in Israel and we clearly instruct our Feast pilgrims against such activity during their stay here.”

There has been a growing alliance in recent years between right-wing Israeli groups and some evangelical Christians who believe Jews must return to the biblical Land of Israel to facilitate a Second Coming of Christ.

The Israeli government has forged close ties with conservative American Christians, and evangelical groups have contributed millions of dollars to Israel. These Christian groups oppose territorial concessions to the Palestinians, who want to establish a state in areas Israel captured in the 1967 Mideast War.

Some rabbis and Orthodox Jewish activists have become increasingly concerned about the growing alliance with Christian evangelicals. They are deeply suspicious of Christian activity here, fearing their ulterior motive is to convert Jews.

Benny Elon, a religious lawmaker who heads parliament’s Christian Allies Caucus, questioned why the rabbinate’s ruling was handed down now, after the event took place for 27 years with the understanding on both sides that missionary activity was off limits.

At a time when Israel is under threat of attack from Iran and other sources of radical Islam, it should not alienate Christians who “are the most important ally against this danger,” said Elon, adding that he’s received telephone calls from dozens of Christian friends of Israel disturbed by the ruling.

His group estimated the Sukkot event would infuse as much as $18 million into the local economy. That point wasn’t lost on event organizers, who said the evangelical event — which they described as a “huge boost” to Israel’s tourism industry — would take place despite the rabbinate’s call.

The ICEJ says its supporters do not accept teachings accepted by some other Christian groups that masses of Jews will die in the final battle between God and Satan if they do not accept Jesus."

Source: Amy Teibel. Israeli rabbis to shun Christian event. AP, Yahoo! News [FullText]

Saturday, September 29, 2007

Rehovot Wins Bronze As Israel Third Major Housing Spending City

The Central Bureau of Statistics Household Expenditure Survey for 2006 shows that expenditure was highest in Rishon LeZion, with an average housing spending of NIS 13,076 per month. Bat Yam had the lowest average housing spending, at NIS 8,251. The survey covered Israel’s 14 largest cities with more than 100,000 residents.

Tel Aviv had the highest spending per capita, at NIS 5,737 per month, and Bnei Brak had the lowest, at NIS 2,035 per month.

Tel Aviv had the second highest average housing spending, at NIS 12,456, followed by Rehovot NIS 11,742; Beersheva - NIS 11,249; and Ramat Gan - NIS 11,330. The bottom four cities were, in ascending order above Bat Yam: Bnei Brak - NIS 8,812; Ashkelon - NIS 9,001; Jerusalem - NIS 10,749; and Netanya - NIS 10,152.

The survey also found that Ashkelon had the highest proportion of home ownership at 80.5% of all households, while Tel Aviv had the highest proportion of rentals, at 45.7% of all households in the city.

Rishon LeZion, Rehovot, and Ashdod have the largest average apartment size, at 3.8 rooms per apartment. Bnei Brak has the smallest average apartment size, at three rooms per apartment. Bnei Brak also has the highest density, with an average of 4.3 persons per apartment.

Half of the households in the 14 large cities have at least two cellular telephones. Jerusalem has the lowest proportion of air conditioners, but almost every household has a clothes dryer.

Source: Zeev Klein. Rishon LeZion families spend most: Average household expenditure in Rishon LeZion is NIS 13,076 per month. Bnei Brak has the lowest average household expenditure. Globes.co.il (6 Sep 07) [FullText]

Friday, September 28, 2007

Rehovot Boy, 17, Accused of Trying to Stab Classmate With Screwdriver

"A 17-year-old high school student from Rehovot was arrested on suspicion of trying to stab another student with a screwdriver, Army Radio reported on Tuesday morning.

Meanwhile, two other Rehovot students, both 16, were arrested on Monday night for allegedly abusing a fellow student.

According to police suspicions, the two would beat the boy and force him to do various tasks. The two were to be brought for a remand extension on Tuesday morning."

Source: Rehovot boy, 17, accused of trying to stab classmate with screwdriver. Jpost.com (25 September 2007) [FullText]

Thursday, September 27, 2007

Hadar Bashan Wins The First Prize in the Documentary Division of the International Women's Film Festival in Rehovot

Nighttime. We sat and talked on the tiny lawn in front of my caravilla. Hadar Bashan was flushed with the victory of first prize in the documentary division of the International Women's Film Festival in Rehovot. Her film, 'In the Freiman's Kitchen', depicting the anguish of an elderly religious couple during the last weeks of the expulsion from Gush Katif, had just won the coveted award.

"There were endless films of exploitation bringing not honor to women but rather debasing them," she sadly explained. "My film brought the festival to another level. A higher spiritual level."

Hadar, dressed in ankle-length skirt, her hair carefully covered by a colorful scarf, is an anomaly in the filmmaking industry in Israel. Born and raised in Kibbutz Nezer Sereni near Rehovot, she grew up in the ideology and secularism of the Mapai Kibbutz movement. Nezer Sereni was established by survivors of Buchenwald. "My friends were the children of Holocaust survivors."

An eleventh grade course in traditional Judaism opened her heart and mind to what would become her quest to become a religious Jew. "I was fascinated by our religion and delved deeper. Slowly I began to keep mitzvoth. I didn't talk to my friends about the changes in my life, but the people in my kibbutz saw that I was sincere and began to help me with kashrut." Slowly, very slowly, she swam against the current. "Rabbi Haim Druckman and his family 'adopted' me."

"Who will marry you?" her mother asked. "You are a girl from a non-religious background."

"Today a 'baal teshuva' is more readily accepted, but not when I was making the changes."

Introduced to Gideon Bashan, a young student at Jerusalem's Merkaz Harav Yeshiva, they established their home in Gush Katif. Gideon is the principal of the Tzvia Girls High School in Ashkelon.

"We had seven children and I felt the importance of the religious woman's role as a homemaker. But with the children at school I looked for another outlet. I always loved movies but as a religious woman studying in the secular environment of Sapir College in Sderot, was going against the current. I was 45, the other students were in their 20's. But together we learned filmmaking."

Her first student film showed a 'settler' creating pottery. Her second told a love story between a young religious couple. "The couple never touched yet their intensity jumps from the screen. The secular students were taken aback by the modesty and passion of young love in the religious world."

"I took only two courses every semester and slowly, always slowly, I learned the craft." Her documentary film 'Where to,' a strange choice for a religious woman, went on to become an enormous success in the world of international film festivals.

"We were brought to a Bedouin village as an exercise in learning to shoot film in an unfamiliar environment. There I found a Bedouin tribe with congenital deafness. They spoke to each other using sign language. I saw their movements as dance and I knew it would move on film. The heroine is a simple deaf Bedouin girl who wishes to work outside the village. Her dream is to become wife number one to a husband who would respect her. There is no voice-over, only the quiet and the beat of a drum simulating the heartbeat one hears at absolute silence," Hadar explains.

This unusual film brought acclaim not only to Hadar but to Sapir College in the beleaguered Negev town of Sderot. The film appeared at the Kol Noa Darom Film Festival, Tel Aviv DocAviv, and was accepted in a film festival in Switzerland. "The staff at Sapir College knew I was always looking for truth and were wonderful to me. I had their top-grade equipment at my disposal at all times."

Today, Hadar Bashan sees her film, 'In the Freiman's Kitchen', as a showcase for the settler movement as it tells the story of Gush Katif in its most intimate terms. We see the love and strength of two exceptional people who must with disbelief part from their home and community.

"The film is dedicated to the memory of Yaakov Freiman, who died of a broken heart. He was uprooted from his beloved Gush Katif and slowly perished. I am glad he remains alive in my film." The last scene of the Freiman's placing a cake in the oven for a Victory Party when the decree would be reversed stands out as a great moment in filmmaking. The readings from the poetry of Zelda add to the poignancy of the film. "I want the political Left to understand the consequences of 'disengagement' with its cruel effect on ordinary people."

"My family needed me during these difficult times for we, too, were to be evicted from our homes, but the filming continued."

'In the Freiman's Kitchen' appeared in the Jerusalem Cinematheque Film Festival and will be the focus of a conference on Social Problems in Israel in November. Hadar has been interviewed on Israel tv. She hopes to see the film in international film festivals and television. The movie is in Hebrew with English subtitles.

Source: Rachel Saperstein. Hadar Bashan, Gush Katif filmmaker. IsraelInsider (19 September 2007) [FullText]

Rehovot Sukkot begins at Sundown, Observes Israelites 40 Years in Desert

Rehovot is "preparing for the joyous holiday of Sukkot, which begins at sundown today.

An agricultural holiday, Sukkot follows on the heels of the solemn holiday of Yom Kippur, or the Day of Atonement. Sukkot commemorates the 40-year period during which the Israelites wandered in the desert, living in temporary shelters.

To celebrate the holiday, some families build a sukkah, or hut, in their yards; others eat under a sukkah at their synagogue. Traditionally, children decorate the sukkah with fruits and signs quoting Bible verses or depicting scenes from Israel. Sukkah kits are available online.

Sukkahs symbolize the huts in which Israelites lived after their flight from Egypt.



by Big Orange TV of MyRehovot ISSN 1817-101x

The sukkah is a temporary dwelling that must have at least three sides. The roof must be made from something that grew from the ground, such as tree branches, corn stalks, bamboo reeds, sticks or two-by-fours. The roof should be loosely constructed so there is more shade than sunlight, but the sky must be visible.

During services, congregants celebrate Sukkot by waving a Lulav — a combination of willow, myrtle and palm branches — bound up with an etrog, a lemon-like citrus fruit.

Shimi Atzeret falls on the eighth day of Sukkot. It is a day of prayer for rain at the beginning of the rainy season in Israel.

Simchat Torah — rejoicing in the Torah — is the first day after Sukkot. The celebration marks the end of the appointed Torah readings for the year and the beginning of a new annual cycle."

Source: Michele Dargan. Traditions part of Sukkot celebration: Holiday beginning at sundown observes Israelites 40 years in desert. Daily News (26 September 2007) [FullText]

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Wednesday, September 26, 2007

Israeli Feast of the Tabernacles Begins Tonight, Rehovot Jews Last Preparations for Sukkot Underway

Jews in Rehovot this evening begin celebrating Sukkot, the Biblical Feast of Tabernacles.

The joyous weeklong festival begins just four days after the somber Yom Kippur Day of Atonement.

Sukkot is a harvest festival, and observant Jews celebrate it by building a flimsy booth, or tabernacle, in their yards or on balconies, covering them with branches and living there for at least part of the week.


Jews also celebrate Sukkot by carrying four types of plants to synagogue and praying over them. The palm branch, lemon-like citron, myrtle and willow sprig symbolize the four seasons of nature. AP

Tuesday, September 25, 2007

In Rehovot We Trust

W The cast: Dudu (31), Orna (30), Yael (2 months) and Luca (mixed terrier, quite jumpy, 5).

W The home: Apartment building, beige stucco exterior, second floor, "elevator next year," 111 square meters, with living room plus four other rooms, "on the Katzir side" of town.

W The Katzir side: There are two high schools in Rehovot: Katzir and De Shalit. The latter is considered prestigious; the former has its own pride. Orna: "And that will probably be Yael's fate."

W Real estate history: They moved here about a year ago, with financing from the parents ($160,000).

W Design: A longish corridor leads to the living room, which starts with a dining table (from Bilu Junction Center), continues with two sofas in light upholstery (from South Tel Aviv) and ends with white-orange silk curtains (from Hayarkonim Junction). The television table and the bookcase (Thomas Mann, "Harry Potter") are from IKEA ("which we generally try to avoid"), and they brought the small tables with the carvings from India. On the walls are a Klimt reproduction, an ancient map of Italy and a German engraving, an heirloom from Grandmother (Oranit: "Mother said that if there is a fire I should escape with the engraving"). On to the rooms.

W The rooms: In Yael's toy-filled room is a painting of a koala bear (done by Orna); hanging in the master bedroom is the famous painting of Venus (by Botticelli); and in the study are certificates stating that Dudu has a Dan 2 black belt in meijin kai, a combination of Thai boxing and jiu-jitsu. There is also a fourth room, for shiatsu, in which Orna offers low-intensity treatments and where her girlfriend (Shiri) is sleeping these days. Heading back to the living room, we are impressed by two recurring elements: clocks and scales ("We collect them"). One of the clocks is from Lexington Station in London (or at least it is in the same style); one of the scales is from a market in Krakow (brought by Dudu's late father when he immigrated to Israel). We sit. On the small table is a fruit salad in an "ice bowl" that slowly melts.

W Ice bowl: Dudu freezes two earthenware bowls, one inside the other, separated by a layer of water. (He also immerses flowers in ice, for beauty.)

W Occupations: Dr. Orna Shtatter, who has just become a physician, is mainly breast-feeding ("Now only seven times a day"), and her daily routine depends on Yael. When Yael wakes up, they both wake up; when Yael sleeps, they both sleep. In the morning they go to the mall or meet with girlfriends. Orna completed her studies three months ago, after attending the medical school at Hadassah University Hospital in Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, and then doing a year of interning at Kaplan Hospital in Rehovot. In January she will begin specializing in family medicine in Rehovot's Sha'arayim neighborhood.

W Family medicine: "It suits me," she says. "You talk to people."

W Dudu's livelihood: A high-tech man, he is head of the algorithms team at Transparency Software, an American startup which, according to its Web site, develops "information policy management solutions for security, auditing and compliance" ("We are their India"). He works nine ("flexible") hours a day and a five-day week, and is in charge of two employees ("including me"). He is not sure whether he will stay in this line of work; with a master's degree in mathematics and computer sciences (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), he is thinking about other directions. Teaching attracts him, and he might give courses that prepare would-be university students for the psychometric test (he has taught such courses in the past) or maybe do a Ph.D. at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot (which he once started and then stopped). In any event, he says, money is not everything in life. He travels to work by train or in the family Fiat Punto.

W Other occupations: Dudu works out three-four times a week in a martial art that prepares him mainly for street fights ("I might intervene, but it's not worth it"). In the past he competed in Pankration (an ancient Greek form of hand-to-hand combat) and reached second place in the world (among 10 contestants). He also specializes in making croissants, yeast cakes, sushi, home-made ice cream and "sabrina" pastries (like eclairs).

W Sabrinas: "I am giving new life to the cake of the 1970s." (Indeed!)

W Dudu's bio: Dudu was born in Rehovot in 1976 to parents from Poland and Ukraine, who immigrated to Israel in the 1950s. His mother is a retired guidance counselor; his father, who died in 2000, was an engineer. Dudu attended Katzir High School, did his military service as a combat medic ("The army left no imprint on me"), backpacked briefly in Thailand, was admitted to the school of dentistry at the Hebrew University (psychometric score: 784), did a year, switched to regular medicine and left that for mathematics.

W Mathematics: "More interesting." After getting his double master's degrees he married (Orna), began a Ph.D. at the Weizmann Institute, left ("I couldn't get myself to enjoy it") and entered high-tech (2005). Since then he has been there, contemplating his next move.

W Silicon Valley: "A possibility." Orna: "I prefer Sha'arayim."

W Orna's bio: Born in Kfar Sava in 1977. Her mother is a retired teacher, her father an electronics engineer, and both of them are Haifa-born, the offspring of German Jews, who immigrated to Palestine in the 1930s ("Real yekkes"). In high school she majored in physics and theater, with an average of 110 in her matriculation. She was the chairperson of the municipal youth council ("I organized the Purim events on the pedestrian mall"), did her army service as the commander of a course for recruitment evaluators ("The personal interview plays a part in determining the soldier's mental/intellectual profile"). After her service she was admitted to medical school, lived in the dorms and in various rented apartments, took off for India in the middle of it all (with girlfriends) and completed the whole thing this June ("a week after the birth").

W The meeting: They initially met in medical school in 1998 as first-year students, but were not overly impressed with each other ("I said hello to him on students' day"). In 2001, when he was close to completing his first degree (in mathematics) and she was at the end of fourth year (in med school), they happened to attend the wedding of a mutual friend in Yahud. He ("to my great embarrassment") did not remember her name ("I thought it was Oranit"), but that did not stop him from asking for her phone number. It was Rosh Hashanah, and she went to the Beresheet Festival; he called during the holiday and she was happy to get the call and went to see him in Rehovot at his parents' place ("I trusted him, and maybe I didn't want him to come to my place"). Whatever the case, they dated four years, including trips to Laos and India. He proposed in the autumn of 2004 in a cave in the Galilee, while down on one knee, and cut the words "Marry me" into a tree.

W The wedding: Petah Tikva, 2005, at Grandpa's Well (a banquet garden). Orna wore white and pink, Dudu white and beige. Orna chose the song that was played as they walked to the wedding canopy ("Total Eclipse of the Heart"); Dudu shed a tear for his father (who did not live to see the event). They honeymooned in Ireland and spent a night in the ER in Dublin. "That's what happens to a person who doesn't heed his wife's warning not to eat a mayonnaise sandwich that is five days old" (Dudu).

W Daily routine: Yael wakes up between 4 and 5 A.M., and Orna gets up to feed her. Thus begins her erratic day. Dudu gets up around 8, washes, takes Luca out (10 minutes) and makes breakfast for Orna (toast with cheese and avocado). He himself eats nothing. He leaves around 9 ("after the traffic jams") and at about 10 has cornflakes in the office.

W Lunch: Dudu eats in restaurants near where he works in Tel Aviv, Orna eats at home only - only vegetarian and only what Dudu's mother makes (tofu, vegetable pies). In the afternoon the girls go to yoga. Dudu gets home after 7. He does the "showering." When Orna feeds Yael, he goes for a training session.

W TV: Not part of their routine. Not even the news. They watch series they download from the Internet. Orna is fond of "ER" ("One of the reasons I studied medicine was to find someone like George Clooney, and I found Bruce Willis").

W Housecleaning: Anna, once every two weeks (NIS 200); shopping: Dudu.

W Yael: They chose the name because she looked to them "like Yael, the wife of Heber the Kenite, both beautiful and a Ninja."

W Quarreling and making up: They are not into long silences and make up, they say, within an hour at most. "There is the family thing going on here, but let's not get into it here" (Yael); "Everyone feels he is the hurt one and the truth is probably somewhere in the middle" (Dudu).

W Dreams: Dudu - "To teach in academia, or to open a restaurant"; Orna - "A house with a backyard and a clinic that combines conventional medicine with alternative medicine."

W God: Dudu believes, and prays that God will safeguard the family. A mathematician, he says, can be religious. Orna also believes, but in reward and punishment ("There are no accounts in heaven"). Both of them believe in a next life. "In a kind of karma thing," Orna says. A person has to preserve an emotional corner along with a rational side, she adds.

W Alongside the rational: In the living room water gurgles from a small Feng Shui fountain.

W State of Israel: Dudu believes that the corruption and the security situation will make people leave; Orna says things aren't so bad and that "the best thing for Yael is to grow up here."

W Happiness quotient (scale of 1-10): Dudu - 6-9, Orna - 7-8.

Source: Avner and Reli Avrahami. The Shtatters. Haaretz.com (20 September 2007) [FullText]

Also see: Falling in Love With Rehovot. www.MyRehovot.info (1 September 2007) [FullText]

Monday, September 24, 2007

Rehovot Haredi Kindergarten Teachers Organize to Fight Dismissals

For 40 years, Ruma Shuker, a preschool teacher at an Agudath Israel kindergarten in Rehovot, greeted her charges at the gate of the building with great anticipation. Yesterday she was locked out. A younger teacher informed her that she no longer had a job.

For the past four years, Shuker has been waging a legal battle against the Agudath Israel kindergarten network and its efforts to fire her. Since her official dismissal in 2003, Shuker has continued working under the force of an injunction by the Tel Aviv District Labor Court. In May, however, she received another dismissal notice.

Shuker recently joined the first labor union for ultra-Orthodox women - the Agudath Israel kindergarten teachers' association. It was founded three months ago in response to the network's financial recovery plan, which calls for dismissing teachers with seniority and reducing the wages of their younger colleagues. Agudath Israel, with about 360 kindergartens, is under Education Ministry orders to dig itself out of its NIS 130 million deficit. So far, about 120 of the network's 520 teachers have joined.

The union represents 12 teachers with 25 or more years of experience that the network is seeking to fire. In 2003, after it failed to dismiss them, management reduced their salary to that of 12-year veterans and suspended their social benefits. This month, to the consternation of parents whose children are enrolled in the affected preschools, Agudath Israel announced that replacements had been found for the 12 recalcitrant teachers. Some of them remained at home, but not Shuker.

One of the new union members reported smelling change in the air. "Haredi women are obedient," she said. "For years we were like battered women, we accepted everything submissively, but I think we're starting to learn to stand up for our rights."

The union and its swelling membership represents a breaking taboo in Haredi society. Anat Shani, the teachers' attorney, says many of the women's colleagues support the fight but are afraid to join the union. She said some have been threatened with dismissal if they join.

Most ultra-Orthodox women are teachers, and since women are the main breadwinners, the profession is the community's main source of income. That is precisely why Haredi women have never gotten involved in labor struggles.

In July, the National Labor Court recognized the new union, and the Education Ministry began including it in its negotiations over the recovery plan. The teachers say they have the support of prominent Haredi rabbi Yehuda Leib Shteinman, but Yosef Beninfeld of the network management refuses to recognize the union. He says the teachers must understand that under recovery plans, some people are hurt.

Shani says the network refuses to recognize the union and is seeking to fire the most senior teachers, while the teachers want those considering retirement to go first. The ministry has agreed to increase severance pay for those who retire. The union also wants to increase salaries, currently ranging from NIS 5,800 to NIS 7,000 per month, which are less than the NIS 8,000 to NIS 9,000 a month their colleagues in other preschools make.

Source: Haredi kindergarten teachers organize to fight dismissals. Haaretz.com () [FullText]

Sunday, September 23, 2007

Youth Elixir Discovered By Rehovot Alchemists

A pioneering way to prevent wrinkles has been cooked up by a Hebrew University (HU) researcher who developed a plant-based antioxidant that does not oxidate quickly, is impervious to high temperatures and retards the breakdown of collagen and elastin in the skin.

Dr. Orit Bossi of HU's agriculture faculty in Rehovot did her doctoral work on the antioxidant, which counters free radicals that cause a breakdown in many tissues in the body, including the skin. She has not identified the plant source of the antioxidant, which is being patented.

Free radicals in small amounts in the body are not harmful, and are even involved in various physiological processes. But when they are in excess, they trigger the breakdown of proteins such as collagen and elastin, which give skin its elasticity and wrinkle-free appearance.

Many antioxidants are sold in pill form, including vitamin C, vitamin E and EGCG, which is found in green tea. But these oxidate quickly and break down in heat, which limits their efficacy.

The new antioxidant, according to Bossi, is stable in high temperatures, soluble in water and does not easily oxidize, allowing it to retain its efficacy over a long period.

She conducted research on the skin cells of mice, which are similar to those of humans. She exposed some cells to the sun's ultraviolet rays and added the antioxidant, while others were exposed to the rays but without the antioxidant. The control group, without the antioxidant, showed a significant increase in free radicals, while those that were treated did not.

Unlike sunscreens, which merely protect the skin from much of the harm of UV rays, Bossi said her antioxidant retards the aging of the skin. Unlike cosmetic preparations, she said her discovery "deals with the deepest layers of the skin and not only the epidermis."

Source: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich. Researcher claims to have found antioxidant 'fountain of youth'. JPost.com (29 August 2007) [FullText]

Saturday, September 22, 2007

Gmar Hatima Tova, Rehovot!



by Big Orange TV

"G'mar hatima tova" is the Hebrew term, "May you be inscribed in the Book of Life." The term is used by Jews to wish each other well during Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur (answers.com).

Gmar Chatimah Tova
Literally: A good final sealing
Idiomatically: May you be inscribed (in the Book of Life) for Good

"Gmar" comes from the root word that means to finish. Although it's not biblical, it appears quite a bit in the Talmud (Avot 2:16 Yevamot 12:6). Chatimah is also talmudic and can mean a signature or a sealing (Pessachim 104). The word "chotemet" or stamp (the ink kind, not the postal kind) is a derivative of "chatimah." Of course "tova" means good. The days of repentance are divided into two parts: The first the inscribing begins on Rosh Hashana and finishes Yom Kippur when the final "sealing" (chatima) of our fate takes place. Many sages give us a second chance - an extra 12 days until a really final sealing on Hoshana Rabba (the 7th day of Sukkot).

That is why many people finish their correspondence during this time of year by writing or saying Ktivah V'chatima Tova - "may you be inscribed and sealed for a good year." On or right before Yom Kippur, people modify that and wish "Gmar Chatima Tova." Technically you can say it means 'may your finished sealing be good' - which would be fine if you are redoing your apartment, but for the rest of us may you all have a healthy peaceful and fulfilling year (learnhebrew.org).

Friday, September 21, 2007

Finance Minister Roni Bar-On to Tax Rehovot Housewives For The Health Benefits They Get

Finance Minister Roni Bar-On will ask the government to reapprove an NIS 86 a month health tax on housewives.

The proposal had been foiled last Monday by MK Yitzhak Cohen (Shas).

The Finance Ministry claims that 450,000 housewives are currently exempted from the health tax, but meanwhile, they are entitled to full health benefits under the state-funded health insurance.

Cohen blocked a cabinet decision dating from August 12 this year to slap health tax on housewives, as requested by the treasury, in the ministerial committee on economic legislation chaired by Bar-On.

On September 5 the cabinet's proposal was approved in the ministerial committee, and on September 17, based on the finance minister's recommendation, the committee ruled that the National Insurance Institute (NII) could levy a health tax of at least 75 percent of all housewives.

The treasury's position is that everybody in the land, the entire population is subject to health tax, including those who do not work, such as the unemployed, students and recipients of various allowances. Collection of tax from housewives is expected to increase NII revenues by about NIS 500 million annually.

The decision was cancelled in light of MK Cohen's objection, and the only recourse for reviving the tax is to ask the cabinet to reapprove the August 12 decision. Shas, a member of the ruling coalition, has already voted against the 2008 budget, and is likely to oppose the tax when it is brought to Knesset debate as part of the Economic Arrangements Law. In such a case it is unlikely that the proposed tax will receive a majority.

Finance Minister Roni Bar-On plans to tax housewives for the health benefits they get.

Source: Moti Bassok. Bar-On pushing health tax for housewives. Haaretz.com (21 September 2007) [FullText]

Rehovot Comes to Standstill at Yom Kippur

[Rehovot,] Israel came to a virtual standstill at sundown Friday as Jews across the country began observing Yom Kippur, the holiest day of their calendar.



by Big Orange TV of MyRehovot.info

Stores closed early and the airwaves were filled with liturgical Hebrew music leading up to the contemplative Day of Atonement, when tradition says divine judgment of Jews is sealed and their fate is decided for the coming year.

Jews across the world will fast and pray in synagogues as they seek forgiveness for their actions in the past year. Ahead of the holiday, religious Jews often ask their acquaintances to forgive them for any offense they might have committed.

Even though most Israelis aren't Orthodox, most fast on Yom Kippur. The holiday is the only day of the year when all Israeli radio and TV broadcasts go off the air. While business continues as usual in Arab towns, shops and cafes in Jewish cities are closed, planes at the airport are grounded, and all public transportation is suspended.

With rare exceptions, cars disappear and the country's roads and highways become eerily empty, used mainly by children on bicycles taking advantage of a rare opportunity to ride in the middle of the street. Because no one drives, pregnant women going into labor call ambulances to get to the hospital.

Fearing attacks by militants, the Israeli military clamped a closure on the West Bank on Friday for the duration of the holiday. The closure, which keeps Palestinians from entering Israel, blocked thousands of Palestinians from reaching Jerusalem for Friday prayers during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan.

Scuffles were reported at checkpoints around Jerusalem, but no serious violence.

Yom Kippur will end at sundown Saturday in each synagogue with a blast on the shofar, the traditional Jewish ram's horn.

Source: Israel Comes to Standstill at Yom Kippur. AP (21 September 2007) [FullText]

Thursday, September 20, 2007

Rehovot Haredi Kindergarten Teachers Organize to fight dismissals

For 40 years, Ruma Shuker, a preschool teacher at an Agudath Israel kindergarten in Rehovot, greeted her charges at the gate of the building with great anticipation. Yesterday she was locked out. A younger teacher informed her that she no longer had a job.

For the past four years, Shuker has been waging a legal battle against the Agudath Israel kindergarten network and its efforts to fire her. Since her official dismissal in 2003, Shuker has continued working under the force of an injunction by the Tel Aviv District Labor Court. In May, however, she received another dismissal notice.

Shuker recently joined the first labor union for ultra-Orthodox women - the Agudath Israel kindergarten teachers' association. It was founded three months ago in response to the network's financial recovery plan, which calls for dismissing teachers with seniority and reducing the wages of their younger colleagues. Agudath Israel, with about 360 kindergartens, is under Education Ministry orders to dig itself out of its NIS 130 million deficit. So far, about 120 of the network's 520 teachers have joined.

The union represents 12 teachers with 25 or more years of experience that the network is seeking to fire. In 2003, after it failed to dismiss them, management reduced their salary to that of 12-year veterans and suspended their social benefits. This month, to the consternation of parents whose children are enrolled in the affected preschools, Agudath Israel announced that replacements had been found for the 12 recalcitrant teachers. Some of them remained at home, but not Shuker.

One of the new union members reported smelling change in the air. "Haredi women are obedient," she said. "For years we were like battered women, we accepted everything submissively, but I think we're starting to learn to stand up for our rights."

The union and its swelling membership represents a breaking taboo in Haredi society. Anat Shani, the teachers' attorney, says many of the women's colleagues support the fight but are afraid to join the union. She said some have been threatened with dismissal if they join.

Most ultra-Orthodox women are teachers, and since women are the main breadwinners, the profession is the community's main source of income. That is precisely why Haredi women have never gotten involved in labor struggles.

In July, the National Labor Court recognized the new union, and the Education Ministry began including it in its negotiations over the recovery plan. The teachers say they have the support of prominent Haredi rabbi Yehuda Leib Shteinman, but Yosef Beninfeld of the network management refuses to recognize the union. He says the teachers must understand that under recovery plans, some people are hurt.

Shani says the network refuses to recognize the union and is seeking to fire the most senior teachers, while the teachers want those considering retirement to go first. The ministry has agreed to increase severance pay for those who retire. The union also wants to increase salaries, currently ranging from NIS 5,800 to NIS 7,000 per month, which are less than the NIS 8,000 to NIS 9,000 a month their colleagues in other preschools make.

Source: Tamar Rotem. Haredi kindergarten teachers organize to fight dismissals. Haaretz.com (3 September 2007) [FullText]

Rehovot Visitor Visits The Holy City of Jerusalem

By Erin Israel

“So how many times will you have been to Jerusalem?” J’s colleague asked us wistfully, leaning back in his chair, as J. looked up the train schedule in the office. I told him it would be the third time. “Well, you will have seen much more of it than I have,” he replied.

He’s lived here for at least twenty years.

So now I don’t feel so badly about living here for two years, and failing to get to Eilat, Abu Ghosh, Nazareth, or Beer Sheva. Naively, perhaps, I figure I can always come back and visit them.

We ended up in Jerusalem around lunch time, took a taxi to Kikar Zion (or as close to Zion Square as it’s possible to get, at noon in commercial West Jerusalem), and headed to Solomon Street, a pedestrian lane lined with restaurants on one side, and jewelry and ceramics boutiques on the other. Yes, I’m aware that it’s wholly touristy, but (some days) I’m a tourist. And, as J. can attest, ravenously hungry tourists aren’t much fun until after they eat.

And eat we did: hot lunch, as in Europe, is an institution, here. One mixed Jerusalem grill later, we went back to Jaffa Road and had coffee at Café Hillel.

“One shekel for security?” the waitress asked, as she tallied our bill. Ok, we said uneasily. Would two be better? Maybe fifteen? Here, take thirty!

Jaffa Road leads back to Jaffa Gate. We went back to the Old City, and decided to check out our lodgings, nearby. I had visions of staying in the Old City, and absorbing a completely different night atmosphere, full of muezzin calls and choirs, and maybe a candlelight procession. To everyone we knew, I bragged that we would stay in the Old City.

The hostel I chose was reputed to have great views of the Old City, and it did. However, in every other aspect, it was a dump. Next time, it’s the King David or nothing.

“They could have at least changed the sheets since Herod slept here,” J. mumbled, as one of the cheerful owners showed us our tiny windowless room on the rooftop, past other rooms, where the doors were open, and seasoned, gray-haired hostel travelers were writing in their journals, underwear flapping on the line, outside. Downstairs, some guests were gathered on the couch, watching a soap opera in Arabic, as the owner of the hostel translated into English. “Goodbye!” they shouted to us. “See you later!”

To really appreciate a hostel, you must be an extrovert, evidently, and not one with pretensions toward a traveling lifestyle that involves little bottles of complimentary shampoo and lotion, either. We fled with the key.

“Maybe it will look better in the dark,” I suggested.

“When I stayed in the Renaissance Hotel, in West Jerusalem, for the conference, last year,” J. said sadly, “they left little chocolates on the pillow, every night.”

“But look at the view,” I told him, sweeping a hand across the horizon. We could see David’s Tower in the Citadel but, come to think of it, the skyline itself was rather hard to find below the hundreds of black-painted hot-water heaters, and satellite dishes.

“You can’t eat the view,” J. said, and we headed for the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

This time, we absently followed some tourists into a side chapel, to the right of the main entrance to the church, and wound up on the rooftop, where the Ethiopian church holds sway. Women swathed in colorful fabrics and draped in white cloths gathered around a priest wearing a cylindrical black hat that bore a distinct resemblance to the rook piece in a chess set.

Downstairs, a hundred people were lined up before the wooden inner chapel, and slowly processing in—but not out.

We went on to the Via Dolorosa; to properly follow it, and observe the stations of the cross, you have to start in the Muslim Quarter and head west to the Christian Quarter, as the path ends inside the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

Across from the Second Station, the Chapels of the Condemnation and Flagellation, there’s a blue ramp leading up to a school. Inside the school courtyard, you can see (through a wire fence) the Dome of the Rock.

At the steps leading down into the courtyard for the Second Station chapels, a guide stopped us and offered his services for ten shekels.

“No, thanks,” J. said.

“I will tell you all the secrets of the place,” the guide, a man with dress pants and a short-sleeve shirt, said. He spread out his hands in welcome. “Only ten shekels.”

“I have a guidebook,” I said, and walked down to the chapels.

“I can tell you all about the games the soldiers played,” he persisted with a smile.

“Do you have ten shekels?” J. asked me.

“No, I have a guidebook,” I said, waving it around for emphasis. That ended our good-cop, bad-cop routine.

Both chapels are small, dim, and silent.

Outside, on the Via Dolorosa, the shopkeepers (all men; the women were nowhere to be seen) practically tugged on J’s sleeves to get him to come inside. In one of the covered market streets, little boys no more than six years old spotted us and instantly started shrilling in English, “Five shekel, mister! Hello! Buy!”

If you’ve grown up with the image of Christ as blue-eyed and golden-haired, walking around the Old City is bound to shatter it.

Following the Via Dolorosa is mystifying. Since the Herodian level of the city actually lies far underground (as we found out, that night, on a tunnel tour of the Western Wall), the Via Dolorosa itself must, as well. Yet pilgrimage tours process down the street, with pilgrims praying aloud, fanning themselves in the heat, and stumbling on the slippery rock streets.

Off the Via Dolorosa, we stopped in St. Anne’s Church and the excavated Bethesda pools, where Christ healed the sick. The church was converted into a school for the study of the Koran, at some point, so it is unadorned outside, with Islamic architectural additions and stark, inside.

Eventually, we made our way back to the Jewish Quarter and walked down to the police station across from the Western Wall, where we had to pick up tickets for the tunnel tour. Comfortably seated in a shaded plastic chair in front of the police station, facing the ticket counter, was an older man in white shorts, sneakers, white polo shirt and a baseball cap. He looked like he was waiting for someone to bring him a martini.

“Are you here for the tour?” he asked me. “The sign says he’ll be back in five minutes, but if those are Israeli five minutes, we’re in for it.” The man had a wry smile. “Where are you from?”

“I’m from the U.S.,” I told him.

“Abe Moskowitz,” the man said, with a marvelous grin. “Pleased to meet you. How long have you been in Israel?”

“Two years,” I said. “And you?”

Mr. Moskowitz one-upped me. “This is our eighteenth time here. We come every year. What are you doing here?”

I explained the saga. Mr. Moskowitz looked duly impressed.

“So you’re from New York?” he asked, and continued, before I could correct him. “Do you know the difference between an Italian actuary and a Jewish actuary in New York?” I shook my head. Mr. Moskowitz gleefully went on: “The Jewish actuary can tell you exactly who died, and where, and how, last year; and the Italian actuary can tell you who will die, and where, and how, in the coming year.” He slapped his leg and I laughed, along with the rest of the English-speakers in line.

The ticket man returned, and the few of us in line paid for our tickets.

“See you on the tour!” Mr. Moskowitz said.

Even though the Jewish Quarter is largely populated by Americans who made aliyah, Mr. Moskowitz was the first and only American ever to strike up a conversation with us, in the Jewish Quarter. In Jerusalem, for residents, religion trumps everything else.

We returned to the Western Wall plaza at six-thirty, and joined the group standing near the entrance to the passageways. A girl with blond hair pulled back in a barrette and wearing a plain, longsleeve blue shirt and long black skirt rushed in ahead of us to stand behind a waist-high model of the landscape of the Old City. She waited while everyone bunched in around the model, under the close, cave-like rock ceilings, which dripped, in places. When everyone had grown quiet, the girl began to describe the history of the Old City, focusing on the events surrounding the Temple. The model was an effective demonstration of how many times the Temple landscape was cleared: the tour guide dug around beneath the model to find the scale-sized copy of the Second Temple, hoisted it up to the table model, and efficiently knocked it into place.

The tour winds through tunnels created during excavation of the ground near the Western Wall plaza; massive, five-hundred-ton Herodian stones are stacked along the length of the Wall. Visitors see only the sixty meters of the wall above ground, but the length of the real foundations of the wall, underground, are staggering. The passageways follow the length of the wall closely; there’s barely room enough for one person, in some points. People passing along the wall, here, sense that they’re in a sacred space, as every crevice is tucked with notes. One point in the wall faces the point where the Holy of Holies (the foundation rock of the Temple) is thought to be concealed, and it serves as the only place to stop and pray, along the wall.

Here’s a sample of who was on the six-thirty tour in English: Mr. and Mrs. Moskowitz, Catholic me and my atheist husband, a trio of curly-haired Canadian sisters in their sixties (one of whom balked at the plexiglass walkways and gripped the walls on either side, saying, “Oooooh, these things make me nervous”); and a girl wearing a clingy, longsleeve white shirt with the Zara logo spelled out in gold-sequinned script, long white skirt, a white headscarf with gold threads, a white purse, and matching white-and-gold slippers. I was often behind her, on the tunnel pathways, and was mesmerized as she walked. She was clearly Jewish, but she clashed wildly with the usual dress of the Old City, as a tourist: she was covered according to the Orthodox rules, but every inch was carefully styled. Her English was Eastern-European or Russian –accented; she didn’t say much, but gazed at the wall, and stopped to pray, often. She seemed very serious, until the end of the tour, when our tour guide earnestly suggested that the Temple would only be rebuilt when Jewish people of all nations displayed more love for each other. The girl in white then said dryly, “Group hug!” and laughed.

After the tour, we waited for the Moskowitzes, but they had stayed behind; we climbed back to Jaffa Gate and steeled ourselves for the hostel.

J was consoled about the lack of amenities in our room when he discovered the six-hundred-channel satellite offerings, including Al-Jazeera, a handful of stations in English, two-hundred-and-fifty channels in Arabic, and two hundred and forty-nine channels in Italian.

There was no telling what the Herodian-era dust under the bed was capable of; we tested the bed gingerly and spread out a giant swath of a quilt remainder I had stashed in my backpack. This was enough for J, but I wrapped myself in a sarong and tried to sleep like a mummy.

Guess what? Mummies don’t sleep. They lie awake until two-thirty in the morning, convinced that bugs of all centuries are biting them. In any case, this was my experience, minus the dying part. I finally fell asleep, but not after hearing tiny mosquito squeals in my ears, for hours.

At seven-thirty, I opened one eye and shrieked, “It’s light! Let’s go!”

J. was not amused.

We rapidly decamped from the hostel and stumbled out into the traffic zooming around Jaffa Gate, into a café, and had breakfast.

We climbed up to the top of Jaffa Gate, and bought tickets for the ramparts. This is an underrated way to see the Old City; or, at least, part of it, anyway. When my family roamed around Europe about fifteen years ago, this was the first thing we did, in nearly any city that had ramparts remaining.

The ramparts walk from Jaffa Gate passes along the Christian Quarter, where children at the Greek Patriarchate elementary school looked up from the basketball-court-playground and yelled to us, in English, “Wake up, New Mexico!”

I figured they probably knew every state’s motto better than I did, but we didn’t stop to check.

The Christian Quarter turns into the Muslim Quarter, and the view away from the Old City, into East Jerusalem, at this point, became more interesting: all the women in view were covered from head to toe, but sparkled and fluttered. Inside the Old City walls, we could see down into a courtyard bazaar, where women were snatching undergarments and robes in hot pinks, purples, turquoise blues off the racks. This was where one exit from the ramparts-walk was supposed to be, but, instead, we were stuck above the bazaar, since the exit gate was rusted away. Ribars for reconstruction sat on the stones above the precarious narrow stairs leading down into the Muslim Quarter. We had to turn around and retrace our steps for half an hour…without water.

This sort of walk really tests one’s character. And one’s marriage.

After banning the word “ramparts” from the family lexicon, we headed for West Jerusalem, and lunch at another place on Solomon Street (Luigi’s, with its nearly infinite permutations of sauce and pasta combinations). It occurs to me that perhaps Solomon Street’s restaurants have taken on mythic proportions of taste, in part because we collapsed at their tables after long, hot, dusty treks…but I still maintain that Luigi’s Italian food would hold its own, anywhere.

We wandered around Ben Yehuda for a while, stopping in the ubiquitous J-Crew-wannabe shop, “Golf,” where a woman emerged from a dressing room and promptly asked me (first in Hebrew and then in French, when I offered languages I actually speak), “Do I look fat in this?”

I’m convinced that it’s because of the divine presence in Jerusalem alone that I had the presence of mind to respond only, “Do you like it?” Too bad I didn’t know the French for what I would have really said, if a friend had asked me this: “Honey, that skirt would make Kate Moss look like Pavarotti.”

For some reason, we couldn’t bring ourselves to leave West Jerusalem; we went to the 70s Bar, with its funkified décor, and sat down for iced coffee. A couple in their twenties, a few tables away, sat with legs and arms entwined and came up for air only when the waitress (a tall teenage girl with long, straight brown hair; a serious expression; and wiry arms) came over to tell them that one menu item they’d asked about would cost three shekels. The couple wanted to know if they could pay cash for lunch. The waitress turned away and went back to the kitchen. Then she returned and told them they could. They then ordered something complicated and sat back to make out some more. The waitress clenched her fists at her sides and glared at them. She spun around and steamed back to the kitchen, where we heard something crash in fury.

A minute later, the same waitress appeared at our table and tucked a strand of hair behind her ear. “Can I help you?” she asked sweetly.

“Two iced coffees, please,” I said.

“That’s it?” she blinked. “Nothing else?” We shook our heads. She beamed with relief.

The iced coffees that arrived at our table were far more decorated than any others we’ve had in Israel, with chocolate syrup drizzled liberally around the inside. As we were finishing them, about twenty minutes later, the waitress returned with the make-out couple’s order and practically slung it at them, from across the room. Some salad bumped off the plate and fell on the table, which caused the couple to look up and yelp in surprise. The waitress dusted off her hands and sauntered away.

Some days, you’re the windshield; some days, you’re the bug.

We left her a big sympathy tip.

And then it was back to Rehovot. Most of the next two weeks or so passed in a blur of packing and doing “last things”, and then trying not to think about how they would be the last things: the last falafel at Falafel Yerushalemi, the last view of the sunset from the top of A.G. Gordon Street; the last iced coffee with K and Son at Café Mada; a last visit from Ben H. (I promise I’ll come back to visit Abu Ghosh!).

Ironically, as we were preparing to leave, the brother of a friend arrived at the Weizmann to start a summer program and a Master’s Degree. Taking him around town was like seeing things, from the perspective of two years ago, when everything was foreign, dusty, noisy, and complicated.

Pale Ivan trailed along, as we hit the Atrakcia store, the shouk, and the Karl Berg market, where he seized a bottle of brown soda with Cyrillic writing on it and exclaimed happily, “We have this in Russia!” J. and I smiled benevolently.

“How old is he?!” I asked J.

“Twenty-two, I think,” J. replied, watching Ivan, and then revised his guess. “Twenty?”

Ivan looked so baby-faced and wide-eyed that it was hard not to feel parental.

“Oh, jeans! I will try them on, ok?” Ivan looked at J. hopefully, in the Energia clothing store.

“No, you really don’t need them; it’s the middle of summer,” J. replied, with his arms crossed. “Did you say you needed pens?” Ivan looked crestfallen.

“Would you two excuse me?” I went outside and sat down. It felt like we’d fast-forwarded to a son’s orientation week at college, twenty years from now, and we would soon be heading to the local equivalent of Target, to equip his dorm room. Where was my martini?

We invited Ivan to dinner, along with Czech friends who, unlike J., were willing to speak Russian. I wondered briefly if pasta salad would strike someone from St. Petersburg as a completely weird dinner.

“I came here a few years ago,” Ivan told me, at dinner, and then said something I couldn’t understand.
“Sorry?” I asked, and handed him a plate with cheesecake. (The last cake from Eyal’s cake shop!)

“Taglit,” Ivan said. “I came here with the Taglit Birthright program.” This is the program that allows Jewish teens from anywhere to travel to Israel for free, once they’re eighteen, and participate in a program of Jewish heritage.

“Oh, that’s a terrific program,” I replied, but I was awfully confused. I thought, first, “Taglit? But only Americans go on Taglit.” (Wrong.) My second thought was, “I didn’t realize Ivan were Jewish; I thought most Russians weren’t Jewish…” (Wrong.) My third thought was “Wow, two years here were not enough…” (Right.)

# # #

Source: Erin Israel. Not shalom, but lehitraot. Rehovot.wordpress.com (last viewed 20 September 2007)

Wednesday, September 19, 2007

Making Rehovot a bloom

Protecting trees at the entrance to Rehovot is under way

"A mature tree must be treated with respect. It should not be moved, as much as that is possible, because moving a tree cripples it. The popular traditions around trees should be observed, and records should be kept of the life that took place around them."

This impassioned plea came from agronomist Yitzhak Hala'or at the second conference on mature trees, held at the Volcani Center in Beit Dagan last week. This year's conference, on means of protecting trees, was held in memory of Lieutenant Ilan Gabbai from Kiryat Tivon, who fell in the Second Lebanon War. Haim Gabbai, Ilan's father, who is an expert in pruning trees, chose to memorialize him by preserving an ancient oak tree in their home town.

Mature trees are those that are several decades old, and many in Israel are jeopardized by development and construction. Agriculture Ministry official Yisrael Galon says the ministry receives thousands of requests every year to cut down or transplant protected trees. In order to touch such trees, ministry and Jewish National Fund permission is needed. Very often, these bodies find themselves under very strong pressure to grant permits, after building plans were approved without taking into account the site's trees.

During last week's conference, JNF afforestation department head Zvika Avni presented several examples of the difficulties his unit faces. "They wanted to expand the Masmiya junction, and they wanted to move a sycamore tree there. We were opposed to this, and eventually one of the lanes that was due to pass through where the tree stood was closed, and the sycamore remained there instead. Currently we are working to protect trees at the entrance to Rehovot, where the Israel Railways is doing development work."

There were plans to remove a sycamore tree from the Holon junction in order to clear room for roadwork. The tree, which has become the city's symbol, was supposed to be pruned of its branches and moved. At the request of the JNF, the Ayalon road works company moved and replanted the tree intact. Now, a year later, the tree sits 100 meters south of the original spot, and appears to be doing well.

JNF officials recently have tried to make contractors declare during planning stages which trees must be removed and which can stay. But so far, the proposal has not been approved by the Interior Ministry planning authority.

The Agriculture Ministry and the JNF also are planning to push for a new forestry law to address forest administration, including a special chapter on the protection of trees. Avni says the legislation would include a list of protected trees at various sites. In order for one of these trees to be transplanted or chopped down, the minister would have to change the protected status of every individual tree.

Over the past few years, public bodies and local authorities have made greater efforts to protect trees in urban locales. The Herzliya municipality is planting temporary groves on plots earmarked for development. The actual construction will take place only in several years, and municipal officials have decided that in the meantime, it is worthwhile to plant the plots. This week, a ceremony was held to mark the planting of the first such grove.

In Tel Aviv, one Ilan Goldstein has initiated an educational project known as "Adopt-a-Tree." Goldstein prompted the municipality to introduce a school program on the importance of trees in the city. The aim of the program is to have every child adopt a tree in his or her neighborhood, track that tree's progress and protect it.

The exercise book on the subject, which Goldstein prepared along with Prof. Amotz Dafni of the University of Haifa, offers explanations about the importance of growing trees in cities, the tree's various parts, how a tree develops and what nutrition it needs.

"If we could ask the trees where they would prefer to live, we can assume that they would say they would like to be in a forest, a grove or even in the desert," the exercise book reads. "It is clear that it is not good for a tree to breathe car exhaust in the city and to be covered by pavement. But no one can ask the trees what they want, and they cannot move to another home. So let's help them to feel at home in the city, too."

Source: Zafrir Rinat. Green Cities: Making the city bloom. Haaretz.com (10 September 2007) [FullText]

Tuesday, September 18, 2007

"Rehovot," in Hebrew, means "streets"

"Rehovot," in Hebrew, means "streets." As Camus wrote in The Myth of Sysiphus, "At any street corner the feeling of absurdity can strike any man in the face." Welcome to [Rehovot,] Israel.

Source: Rehovot.wordpress.com blog preface

Monday, September 17, 2007

Sometimes-Free Rehovot Outbound Internet Telephony Services

If you've been waiting to try Internet telephony, wait no longer. Skype is worth trying out—especially since it's free. Download your own free Skype software package, and have Skype running in just a minute or two.
"College kids, [University students, postdocs and professors,] hungry journalists, and other cost-conscious consumers like the word free. We looked at three "free-ish" services that use a computer rather than a phone to make calls. We say free-ish because the software is free to download, and with some services, calls to other people using the same service are also free. But calls routed through the PSTN (public switched telephone network), the traditional phone system, are charged on a per-minute or monthly basis. Still, the rates for domestic long-distance and international calls are often below what your local phone company charges.

The products shown here are not a replacement for your regular phone, because they don't have an associated phone number to receive inbound calls from the PSTN. But they do make a nice complement to your existing land-line phone for low-cost long-distance calls.

When you make a call using the software, the voice data is encoded and compressed, sent to the vendor's online service, and routed through either the PSTN or directly to another computer using the same service. When using these services, you'll almost certainly want to purchase a headset with a microphone, to avoid echoes and feedback from speakers and desktop microphones.

So is this legal? The answer is yes—for now. The Federal Communications Commission has recently ruled that Voice over IP will be regulated at the federal, not state, level. If these products are found to be more like instant messengers, such as those from Yahoo!, MSN, and AOL, they probably won't be regulated. If the FCC sees them as phone services, look out.

The next logical question is, how is the voice quality? With all three services we reviewed, call quality was very acceptable over a broadband connection. We tested with both a laptop using Wi-Fi and a desktop using DSL. Although we did not test with a cable modem, we expect your results should be similar. The PSTN is more reliable, but these services will satisfy most people with decent broadband ISP connections.

Trying these services over dial-up, however, is a different story. When we tested with a dial-up modem, the voice quality was akin to a bad cell-phone connection. Though you'll save a significant amount of money, it may not be worth the trade-off to suffer through a conversation listening to static and dropped words.

Also keep in mind that none of these services are interoperable, though some of them are working on this through the use of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and compatible codecs.

Skype

Skype is the clear category winner for its wide array of communication options, lower per-minute pricing than Dialpad, and a clean, usable interface that worked consistently. Free Skype-to-Skype calling can significantly lower your long-distance bills if you can convince your friends and family to use the service. Skype is very smart to offer this free service to increase its market penetration.

Skype is not designed to replace your current land-line phone, because it can't receive inbound calls from the PSTN and doesn't offer 911 emergency service. The SkypeOut paid service to the PSTN network works like a calling card.


Skype provides instant-messaging and presence technology, though it isn't quite on a par with the popular IM vendors. But you do have a host of options to communicate with other Skype users. Address books are kept locally, so you have to recreate them if you move between machines.

The service works with both Windows and Mac OS systems, and you can voice-conference with up to five people or conduct multiparty chat sessions. Although there is no real-time interaction with Outlook, you can import address books from Outlook and Outlook Express.

Skype has plans for a SkypeIn service for inbound calls from the PSTN. It has recently introduced an Application Programming Interface (API) so third-party software companies can extend the product. After trying out Skype, we added it to our communication bag of tricks.

Free per-minute rates (using SkypeOut) vary. Skype Technologies S.A., Skype.com.

Source: Sometimes-Free Internet Telephony Services. (12 January 2005) [FullText]

Sunday, September 16, 2007

Rehovot Israel (Bio)Medical: Keep Doctors, Scientists Out of the Holy Land, Jewish State

"Although the Health Ministry has been rather quiet about the trend, ministry deputy director-general for economics Gabi Bin-Nun - who headed a committee to investigate future manpower needs - recently stated that unless the number of medical students is doubled immediately, the country will soon find itself with the lowest rate of physicians per 1,000 citizens. This will constitute a "manpower catastrophe," he said. "We have asked the Prime Minister's Office and the Council for Higher Education's planning and budgeting committee to immediately approve funds for increasing the number of medical and nursing students. Nothing was done over the years because the ratio was high, but now it is clearly dropping. The population is growing and ageing, and the need for medical and nursing care is expanding," Bin-Nun says. "It takes seven years to educate a physician, and even longer to train medical specialists."

The Shaare Zedek director-general, a specialist in internal medicine and liver disease, urged that Ziv Hospital in Safed and Poriya Hospital in Tiberias become the focus of an upgrade in clinical infrastructure and manpower so they can educate the new medical school's students, who need to be exposed to a wide variety of complicated cases like those in big city hospitals. This will eventually boost the level of medicine in Galilee hospitals, he said. Afula's Emek Medical Center and the Western Galilee Hospital in Nahariya, added [Jonathan Halevy], function at a good level and have less need to upgrade. Safed particularly would be a good location for the medical school and dormitories, he suggested. He also recommended that top medical school faculty members aged 60 and some years beyond pension age be offered teaching positions in the new Galilee medical school. "If they were offered homes there, they would be happy to teach there."

Even more bewildering is that around 3,000 senior lecturers and researchers who were trained in Israel are now working in the US, where they earn better salaries. Many of them went abroad for post- doctoral studies and chose to remain. "There are many Israeli doctors and medical researchers who want to return from the US, but Israeli institutions don't have anything to offer them," says Prof. Alex Keinan, a senior adviser to the Israel Academy of Sciences. "If in one of our institutions an attractive position becomes vacant," he told Zman Harefuah, "30 Israeli expatriates may apply, some of them outstanding, but only one will be hired."... [FullText]

Source: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich. The doctor is OUT Daily Edition of Jerusalem Post, Health section. (19 Aug 2007) [FullText]

Saturday, September 15, 2007

10 Minutes of the Cell Phone Air time Can Kill you, Rehovot's Weizmann Scientists Study Imply

"Just 10 minutes of chat on a cellular phone is enough to trigger a chemical reaction in the brain that can increase the risk of cancer, warn scientists from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. A study by researchers at the Rehovot institute shows that even low levels of radiation from handsets can lead cells to divide, an occurrence linked to the growth of tumors and several types of cancer. The debate over cellphone safety has been raging for years. Previous studies have found no conclusive evidence linking brain tumors or a rise in cancer rates to mobile use. It was thought phones emit too little radiation to heat the brain dangerously. The new study, published in the Biochemical Journal and reported by New Scientist, suggests, however, that low-intensity 'non-thermal' radiation can also pose a risk to health. In lab tests the Israeli researchers exposed human and rat cell cultures to low-level electromagnetic radiation at 875 megahertz, a similar frequency to that used in mobile phones. After only 10 minutes of exposure, the researchers discovered activation of an enzyme that regulates cell differentiation and division, even though the radiation was weaker than emissions from a typical handset. The researchers concluded that the chemical trigger for the enzyme is the release of reactive oxygen species, small molecules which damage DNA in cell membranes."

Source: 10 minutes on the cell phone could damage your health, say Israeli researchers. israel21c.org (2 September 2007) [FullText]

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Friday, September 14, 2007

Rehovot gets over its aquaphobia as more adults, children take swimming lessons

"The idea first took root in P.'s mind during a nature walk while on vacation in Kenya, about two years ago. "The path reached a point where we had to enter the water and swim a short distance to some beautiful little islands," she recalls. "Everyone swam across and I was left behind. For me, that was the turning point." P., 58, from Tel Aviv, almost drowned at age 6, and since then has not put her head under the water. "I would splash around in the shallow end [of the pool]," she says with a smile, "but I never entered the deep end." After the trip to Kenya, P. registered for swimming lessons at the Ramat Aviv pool. Her classmate Karine Guseinov, on the other hand, dreams of knowing how to swim properly.

"If someone threw me into the water I wouldn't drown," says Guseinov, 28, an accountant from Tel Aviv. "I know how to do the doggy paddle, but have no technique or style, so I tire very quickly. Dreams are meant to be realized, and the sooner the better." Erez Golani, director of the pool, says that most adults who sign up for swimming lessons achieve their goal. "It is difficult to say how many of them keep swimming afterward," he says, "although some of them keep coming here for aquacise classes or more advanced courses, to improve their technique. Some even join the pool. Most of the seniors combine swimming with water exercises."

Progress is an individual matter, and depends on each person's hesitancy in the water, previous knowledge and age. Still, the working assumption is that anyone who does not know how to float will never learn how to swim. At the end of the first lesson, Guseinov manages to swim two laps, in spurts and starts, encouraged by instructor Anna Gershon. P., on the other hand, still does not know how to float. When she gets her body level with the surface of the water, while holding on to the side, Gershon makes half-fearful, half-amused funny faces at her, and she laughs. "I've taken courses before," says P. as she climbs out of the pool, "but somehow no instructor ever thought of teaching me how to float. After all, that's how it starts, because if I don't know the starting position, how can I learn the rest?"

Gershon usually teaches freestyle first, and then the other strokes. P., however, is most likely going to start off with breast stroke. "The problem with adults," says Gershon, "is that they come with the idea that they cannot swim. After 40 years of not being able to swim, they come to the course with a defeatist attitude." At the third lesson, Gershon reprimands P. for stopping every few strokes, usually before traversing half the length of the pool.

"If you know you can get from one point to another, what's the problem?" she says. Soon P. is proving to herself that she can do it. By the fifth lesson, Guseinov and two other students are close to achieving the goal of swimming five laps - even if they still haven't mastered the technique. By the seventh lesson, Guseinov can swim freestyle and backstroke in the deep end, and swallows water only when someone veers into her lane. P. has learned to exhale under water ("simply terrifying"). At the end of the course, P. swims a bit around the deep end, to the applause of all around her. "I'm still not completely over my phobia," she says, "but now I know how to swim."

"Anyone who is aware of his body, who dances or participates in any other sport, will find coordination in the water easier," says Iyar Elisha-Gati, director of the summer courses at the Tel Aviv University pool. "People who come here as adults, on their doctor's orders, have difficulty learning the strokes." Gati demonstrates swimming to music and makes her students practice techniques in the water between each lap. "They have to practice the strokes hundreds, if not thousands, of times, to get them perfect," she continues. "There is no escaping the monotony of practice." Shira Hazan, an adult swimming teacher at the Tel Aviv University pool, has five students in her group, aged 26-66. Some have signed up for eight lessons, others for 12. Here, breast stroke is taught first, "unless the student has a medical problem," such as a herniated disc.

"In the United States," explains Gati, "they start with freestyle, because that stroke is more natural and somewhat resembles walking. But the breathing is harder than in breast stroke. We usually teach freestyle and backstroke together. Backstroke is harder, because you can't see where you are going, and you also have to learn how to breathe properly, in case someone in the adjacent lane splashes water on your face."

Gati says that teaching children has become almost as difficult as teaching adults, now that many children have become couch potatoes, spending many hours opposite the television or computer screen. "Their shoulder muscles are so weak, it takes a lot longer to teach them than it did in the past," explains Gati. "Teaching adults is actually quicker. The question with them is what level they reach."

G., 66, signed up for a course in backstroke, on orders from her doctor. "I know how to swim breast stroke, with my head out of the water," she says, "but my head is supposed to be in the water. I started having upper and lower back problems, and my doctor sent me here." At first, G. used a life preserver while practicing breast stroke with her head in the water, but needed it only for a short while. By the seventh lesson she was swimming backstroke, while wearing the life preserver, and hopes that by the 12th lesson she will no longer need it.

Dima, 26, a student at Tel Aviv University, never tried to learn to swim, due to a fear of water. One of the other women in the course, all of whom are in their thirties, signed up because she was jealous of her son, who swims like a fish. "Another woman," says Gati, "brought her son to a course, and after only a few lessons told me that she thought maybe she should sign up, too. It took a while, but she eventually came."

Source: Roni Dori. Taking the dive. Haaretz.com (10 Sept 2007) [FullText]

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Wednesday, September 12, 2007

Close to Rehovot Palmachim desalination plant pumps de-salted water from the Mediterranean Sea for the consumption of 300,000 in the coastal area

Israel Raises the Level on Water Technology

by Hana Levi Julian, IsraelNN.com

The $10 million Palmachim desalination plant has begun pumping de-salted water from the Mediterranean Sea for the consumption of 300,000 people in the coastal area. The plant is prepared to expand production capacity and includes its own power station.

Israel has become the worldwide leader in developing technologies to address the issue of severe water shortages, having faced the problem for decades within its own borders.

The government agreed two months ago to more than double its self-imposed national limits of production of desalinated water from 230 million cubic meters to 505 million cubic meters. A plant currently under construction in Hadera will add its muscle to the effort, and three more plants are expected to join the list within the next five years.

National Infrastructures Minister Binyamin Ben-Eliezer commented during inaugural ceremonies at the plant’s opening that water technology remains a significant priority for the country. He also noted that the rest of the world is beginning to wake up to the need for making the most of what is rapidly becoming a diminishing resource.

“Increasing Israel’s water sources is a top priority and part of our strategic plan for the future,” said Ben-Eliezer. “The entire world has also become aware of the fact that as the climate continues to change, there is less rain that can be used for drinking and the need for fresh water will continue to increase.”

Members of Waterfront, an industry lobby comprised of private companies, academic institutions and Mekorot, the state-owned water company, have pooled their resources to reach a goal of $5 billion in water-related exports within the next three years.

According to a report by the Al Bawaba website, the Israeli water industry currently includes some 270 companies and organizations devoted to water research and development, employing some 8,000 people.

Ministry of Industry, Trade and Employment figures showed that sales in desalination, drip irrigation and water purification technologies brought some $850 million to Israel’s coffers in 2006. Water industry sales are expected to top $1.1 billion by the end of 2007.

Israeli companies are eyeing what will clearly be a bonanza in the not-too-distant future: figures for the technology component of water industry sales show that the market share is growing by 14 percent annually, and accounts for at least 25 percent of the revenues.

At present, some 60 percent of Israel’s sewage water is recycled, with two other desalination plants operating in Ashkelon and Eilat. A fourth is under construction in Hadera.

The Ashkelon desalination plant, known as the largest such facility in the world, produces 100 million cubic meters per year using seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) technology. The Palmachim desalination plant, built by Via Maris Desalination, is expected to produce 30 million cubic meters of desalinated water per year, also using the SWRO technology.

Source: Hana Levi Julian. Israel Raises the Level on Water Technology. IsraelNN.com (7 September 2007) [FullText]

Monday, September 10, 2007

3,000-year-Old Beehives Unearthed in Tel Rehov

"Archaeologists digging in northern Israel have discovered evidence of a 3,000-year-old beekeeping industry, including remnants of ancient honeycombs, beeswax and what they believe are the oldest intact beehives ever found.

One of the ancient beehives found at Tel Rehov in Israel.

The findings in the ruins of the city of Rehov this summer include 30 intact hives dating to around 900 B.C., archaeologist Amihai Mazar of Jerusalem's Hebrew University told The Associated Press. He said it offers unique evidence that an advanced honey industry existed in the Holy Land at the time of the Bible.

Beekeeping was widely practiced in the ancient world, where honey was used for medicinal and religious purposes as well as for food, and beeswax was used to make molds for metal and to create surfaces to write on. While bees and beekeeping are depicted in ancient artwork, nothing similar to the Rehov hives has been found before, Mazar said.

The beehives, made of straw and unbaked clay, have a hole at one end to allow the bees in and out and a lid on the other end to allow beekeepers access to the honeycombs inside. They were found in orderly rows, three high, in a room that could have accommodated around 100 hives, Mazar said.

The Bible repeatedly refers to Israel as a "land of milk and honey," but that's believed to refer to honey made from dates and figs -- there is no mention of honeybee cultivation. But the new find shows that the Holy Land was home to a highly developed beekeeping industry nearly 3,000 years ago.

"You can tell that this was an organized industry, part of an organized economy, in an ultra-organized city," Mazar said.

At the time the beehives were in use, Mazar believes Rehov had around 2,000 residents, a mix of Israelites, Canaanites and others.

Ezra Marcus, an expert on the ancient Mediterranean world at Haifa University, said Tuesday the finding was a unique glimpse into ancient beekeeping. Marcus was not involved in the Rehov excavation.

"We have seen depictions of beekeeping in texts and ancient art from the Near East, but this is the first time we've been able to actually feel and see the industry," Marcus said.

The finding is especially unique, Marcus said, because of its location in the middle of a thriving city - a strange place for thousands of bees.

This might have been because the city's ruler wanted the industry under his control, Marcus said, or because the beekeeping industry was linked to residents' religious practices, as might be indicated by an altar decorated with fertility figurines that archaeologists found alongside the hives."

Source: 3,000-year-old beehives unearthed in Israel. CNN.com > Archaeology (5 September 2007) [FullText]

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Sunday, September 09, 2007

Rehovot Women's Film Festival Day 4 Postsciptum: Sex is Tragedy

by Netalie Braun

"If men can't desire liberated women, then tough. Does it mean they can only desire a slave? Men need to question the roots of their own desire. Why is it that historically men have this need to deny women to be able to desire them?" Catherine Breillat.

One cannot discuss the representation of desire in cinema without referring to Catherine Breillat. All of her films deal with the desire (or lack of) between men and women, and with exposing those mechanisms of power of which desire is constructed.

Breillat's sensational films – which include casting porn stars and spotlighting the male sex organ, an organ rarely flaunted on screen – have earned her the reputation of a scandalous and provocative director; portions of her films are censored in certain countries. In Israel, for example, three years ago, two scenes of her film Anatomy of Hell (2004), were censored. In one of these censored scenes, the heroine of the film serves a glass of water to her partner in bed, while in the water is a bloody tampon. The man drinks the woman's blood thirstily. In Israel, this concoction was not appreciated, and the scene was removed from the film. Strange. In recent years films containing extreme violence, as well as films with explicit sex, bordering on pornography, are screened with no intervention in movie theatres throughout the country. What is it then, about menstrual blood that is so horrifying? Why is this scene so absolutely unbearable that it is sentenced to expulsion? Ironically, the politics of censorship merely strengthen Breillat's fundamental claim: that misogyny (the hatred of women) has not passed from the world.

We mulled over which of Breillat's films we would screen in the framework of the program; each one contemplates the issue of desire from a different perspective. Finally, since the declared goal of the Festival is to encourage women's films, to nurture women directors, and to change the reality in which the majority of the directors of fiction films are men, we thought it fitting to select a film in which the heroine herself is a director.

In Sex is Comedy the director, Jeanne, has to cope with lead actors who despise one another and who are supposed to be playing a young couple in love. Jeanne employs every possible manipulation in order to draw them closer together, since time is running out and the sex scene that she aspires to is close at hand. Breillat molds Jeanne's character upon the myth of the male director. We are accustomed to her gestures, those familiar to us through well-known representations of the character of the director. The most famous of these, engraved in our memories by Fellini in 8 1\2, who places the sexist director Guido (played by Marcello Mastroianni) at the heart of the film. Jeanne, a controlling and capricious director, flirts incessantly with the main actor and with her assistant. In one scene, in which she complains about the lead actor, one of the crew members comments that Jeanne consistently casts actors towards which she feels attraction, and then during the shooting, tires of them. This small, but significant inversion (director-woman, sex object-man) undermines the myth, making it ridiculous and parodic.

The object of Jeanne's film culminates in a "first time" sex scene. The heroine, a virgin, is in love with her partner, and even desires him; but she hesitates and recoils in the face of his erupting passion, a passion that leaves no room for her. Suspense builds up as the awaited scene nears – will it be a victory or a failure? Why is this scene so critical to Jeanne, and to Catherine Breillat? The scene, placed at the end of the film, is the catharsis, and within it lies the code for the decryption of the entire film. The filming is approaching its end; Jeanne must execute the scene despite the difficult conditions. The lead actor dons an artificial sex organ and Jeanne inspects it. He is embarrassed. Since in the scene his dick is supposed to be erect, Jeanne takes no chances and prefers to enhance the existing equipment along lines of own taste and imagination. The actor asks to don a sizable prosthesis, and Jeanne grants his request. The actor prances around the set like a child, entertaining those present, his artificial member dangling out his robe. Jeanne – oscillating from the need to keep him happy and devoted to the acting, to self-directed anger at being so dependent upon him – is satisfied. She has subdued him. He is hers. But what about the actress? Behind stage, as in the movie being filmed, as in reality according to Breillat, the woman is pushed to the sidelines. The actor demands Jeanne's exclusive and undivided attention while the actress sullenly observes their relationship growing closer. The more he struts, his stature upright and his fake dick taut, the more the actress shrinks.

Jeanne wants to film the entire scene in one shot. The crew is on edge. Jeanne is focused, fastened to the monitor. The camera rolls. The actress lies on the bed, her face frozen. He enters the room, lies down beside her. Cut. He is fabulous, but she. She's not there. Jeanne disengages from the monitor and goes to her, looking into her eyes, "Let me feel that my gaze is an invasion… that I have no right to watch this scene…" The assistant director points to his watch and signals to Jeanne to hurry. Jeanne embraces the actress and asks her to scream. The actress screams. "Harder," requests Jeanne. The actress screams. "Harder." The actress screams and her eyes become red. Jeanne lets go of her. They attempt to shoot the scene once again. Jeanne is stressed; there is something unclear to her. The crew takes aim; the actress takes a last look at Jeanne. Action. She is lying on the bed when he enters the room. He takes his shirt off and is left with only an undershirt. His organ is raised. He spreads her legs, that were crossed hard, and lies on top of her. She turns, her back towards him. He strokes her shoulder and strips her of her dress. "If you were nice…," he whispers. She repeats his words like an echo. "All girls take it from behind…" Jeanne braces herself. Something startles her. Before her very eyes occurs something that rarely happens on set: it is only now that has she understood the scene; only now has its meaning become fully apparent to her; Jeanne is horrified. The actress' face is racked with pain. The first-time sex scene becomes a rape scene. Silence overcomes the set; the crew is in shock. The "cut" barely escapes Jeanne's lips. She runs to the actress and holds her. They both weep.

The rape is twofold: the concrete rape, transpiring in the bed, and the metaphorical rape occuring on the set, in which the entire crew, lead by the director, pushes the actress to unbearable extremities, all the while watching her through the monitor. The scene that Breillat has created is a dense and precise micro-cosmos, simultaneously encompassing her world view and a piercing critique of the power relations existing within the filmmaking industry.

One may read Sex is Comedy as a film of initiation. Jeanne the director plays the role of Catherine Breillat and the actress of Jeanne's film plays Jeanne. Perhaps through them, Breillat attempts to provide a complex answer to the question of what women's cinema is. Jeanne adopts the existing male codes of directing films, but the road paved for her is wreaked once encountering another woman, the actress. From this encounter stems a novel understanding previously hidden from Jeanne, but that had also troubled her. Throughout the film Jeanne reiterates her anxiety to the assistant director. She complains about the discrepancy between the screenplay and the actual film, and about her lack of knowledge. In the final scene we watch Jeanne watching the face of the actress. The transformation occurs on Jeanne's face. Suddenly she comprehends. And before her urgent rush towards the actress, for several seconds, she is paralyzed.

After viewing Carl Dreyer's 1928 masterpiece, La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc (The Passion of Joan of Arc) for the first time, I decided to make films. Maria Falconneti's unforgettable face surmounted any intended imagery. Her countenance expressed genuine testimony, true pain. Before shooting my first short film, I innocently screened Dreyer's film for the lead actress, and my only instruction as a director to this doubting actress was: this is it. Like her. The film was an undisputed failure, but strangely enough, a few years later in 2004, I attended a master class with Catherine Breillat. She was asked how she directs her actors. To my great surprise she replied that she shows her actresses La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc, and that's it, more or less.

Who is this Jeanne d'Arc, who has become a symbol for so many women?

In 1431, when Jeanne d'Arc was nineteen, she was tried and convicted by the Catholic Church of heresy and fraud and was burned as a witch. Until her imprisonment, Jeanne was a military strategist, a warrior, and the one who lay the groundwork for the rise of the French nation. Andrea Dworkin, in her book "Intercourse", attributes considerable, symbolic weight to the fact that Jeanne d'Arc was a virgin. Dworkin maintains that Jeanne's virginity was an integral part of her self definition and independence. In opposition to the virginity of sworn nuns, Jeanne's preservation of her virginity was a rebellion, a breach of the forceful control of men over women. She strove to deviate from her lowly status as a woman, a position related to the fact that she is penetrable.

"In as much as she has found a way to circumvent male desire, Jeanne's story enlightens and clarifies the extent to which male desire determines the possibilities that a woman has in her life: to what distance, at what rate, where, when, and how she is allowed to move... the degree to which her physical liberty will be curbed... Jeanne was put to death because of the freedom she claimed for herself, because of the status that she purloined, because of her defiance of the constraints of her gender. In her heresy towards her female status, she blasphemed against the life held hostage by male sexual desire" (Dworkin, Intercourse).

In most of Breillat's films, the protagonists are nameless; so too in Sex is Comedy, the actors remain unnammed, and their sexual encounter embodies the fundamental relationship between every man and every woman. The director is the only character with a name (first name only), and her name is, of course - Jeanne.

On the surface it seems that the actress is afraid of losing her virginity and of displaying her desire because of motives involving conservatism and a conception of lust as sinful. Jeanne constructs her relationship with the lead actor using familiar gestures of chaser - chasee. But at the end of the film the predictable, romantic path of an adolescent girl is wholly altered. The girl does not overcome her fears, nor does she discover what passion is while progressing from the protected, exclusively feminine and virginal world to the world of adulthood. She does not transform from girl into woman.

She is raped.

Did Jeanne know that the sex scene would become a scene of rape? Did the actress know the portended future? Catherine Breillat conceals this knowledge from both of them, allowing it to crystallize only through the meeting of the two, a meeting that leads to a sudden and complete recognition. Breillat's choice to direct a sex scene as a rape scene is devastating, and its implication, from the cradle of civilization unto this day, is tragic.

Netalie Braun is a filmmaker and poet. She is the editor of the International Women's film Festival catalogue. Source: iwff.net
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